What are the three types of decelerations?

The three types of decelerations recognized in fetal heart monitoring are early, variable, and late decelerations.

Early decelerations are typically caused by fetal head compression during contractions, where the heart rate decreases gradually and mirrors the contraction pattern. This type indicates that the fetus is responding to the stress of a contraction in a normal manner.

Variable decelerations are characterized by abrupt declines in fetal heart rate that are not necessarily related to contractions. They often occur due to umbilical cord compression and can vary in duration and severity. Their appearance indicates that the fetus may be experiencing intermittent stress that needs to be monitored closely.

Late decelerations occur when there is a decrease in the fetal heart rate that begins after the peak of a contraction and returns to baseline after the contraction ends. This pattern is concerning as it often signifies placental insufficiency, typically indicating that the fetus is not receiving adequate oxygen during contractions.

Understanding the distinction between these types helps healthcare providers assess fetal well-being during labor and determine necessary interventions to ensure a healthy delivery.